Itshe legumbi lamandla amasha: Funda ukuthuthukiswa kanye nomgomo wamabhethri e-lithium

Amabhethri e-lithium awuhlobo olujwayelekile lwebhethri ekwazi ukushajwa kabusha okusabela kwalo kwe-electrochemical kusekelwe ekufudukeni kwama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwama-electrode aphozithivu noma angalungile. Amabhethri e-lithium anezinzuzo zokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, impilo ende kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzikhipha, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini ehlukahlukene kagesi nasezimotweni zikagesi.

Isimiso sokusebenza samabhethri e-lithium sisekelwe ekufudukeni kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwama-electrode amahle namabi. Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, i-lithium ion ikhishwa ezintweni ezinhle (imvamisa i-oxide efana ne-lithium cobaltate), idlule ku-electrolyte, bese ifakwa ezintweni ezingezinhle (imvamisa i-carbon material). Phakathi nenqubo yokukhishwa, i-lithium ion ihlukaniswa nezinto ezingalungile futhi ihamba nge-electrolyte kuya ezintweni ezinhle, ikhiqiza amandla amanje kanye nogesi, okushayela imishini yangaphandle ukusebenza.

Isimiso sokusebenza samabhethri e-lithium singenziwa lula ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Phakathi nenqubo yokushaja, i-electrode engalungile yebhethri ye-lithium izomunca ama-electron angaphandle. Ukuze uhlale ungathathi hlangothi ngogesi, i-electrode eqondile izophoqeleka ukukhulula ama-electron ngaphandle, futhi ama-ion e-lithium alahlekelwe ama-electron azokhangwa ku-electrode engalungile futhi adlule ku-electrolyte aye ku-electrode engalungile. Ngale ndlela, i-electrode engalungile igcwalisa ama-electron futhi igcine i-lithium ion.

2. Lapho ekhipha, ama-electron abuyela ku-electrode eqondile ngokusebenzisa isifunda sangaphandle, futhi ama-ion e-lithium aphinde akhishwe ezintweni ezingalungile ze-electrode, akhiphe amandla kagesi agcinwe kule nqubo, futhi abuyele emuva ku-electrode enhle nge-electrolyte, kanye nama-electron ahlangene ukuze abambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni kokunciphisa ukubuyisela isakhiwo se-lithium compound.

3. Enkambweni yokushaja nokukhishwa, empeleni, kuyinqubo ye-lithium ions ukuxosha ama-electron, lapho ukugcinwa nokukhululwa kwamandla kagesi kufinyelelwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium kudlule izigaba eziningi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, amabhethri ensimbi e-lithium aqala ukwethulwa, kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi ophezulu kanye nezindaba zokuphepha zensimbi ye-lithium, ububanzi bokusebenza kwabo bulinganiselwe. Kamuva, amabhethri e-lithium-ion abe ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile, obusebenzisa izinhlanganisela ze-lithium ezingezona ezensimbi njengezinto ezinhle ze-electrode ukuxazulula inkinga yokuphepha yamabhethri ensimbi ye-lithium. Ngawo-1990, kwavela amabhethri e-lithium polymer, esebenzisa amajeli e-polymer njengama-electrolyte, athuthukisa ukuphepha namandla aminyana amabhethri. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri ye-lithium obufana namabhethri e-lithium-sulphur kanye namabhethri e-lithium e-solid state nawo sebuthuthukile.

Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asewubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi obuvuthwe kakhulu. Inomthamo omkhulu wamandla, impilo yomjikelezo omude kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuzikhulula, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumaselula, amakhompyutha wezincwadi, izimoto zikagesi neminye imikhakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium polymer nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana namadivayisi amancane futhi alula nama-headphone angenantambo, ngenxa yobuningi bawo bamandla kanye nezici zokuklama ezincane.

I-China yenze intuthuko emangalisayo emkhakheni wamabhethri e-lithium. I-China ingelinye labakhiqizi abakhulu nabathengi bamabhethri e-lithium emhlabeni. Iketanga lemboni yebhethri ye-lithium yaseChina seliqedile, kusukela ekuthengeni impahla eluhlaza kuya ekukhiqizeni amabhethri kunesilinganiso esithile namandla obuchwepheshe. Izinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium zaseChina zenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ocwaningweni nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nesabelo semakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni waseShayina uphinde wethula uchungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokusekela ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokuqanjwa kabusha kwemboni yebhethri ye-lithium. Amabhethri e-lithium abe yisixazululo esikhulu samandla ezindaweni ezifana nemishini kagesi nezimoto zikagesi.