Ilitye lembombo lamandla amatsha: Funda uphuhliso kunye nomgaqo weebhetri ze-lithium

Iibhetri zeLithium luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwebhetri ehlaziywayo ene-electrochemical reaction esekelwe ekufudukeni kwee-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwee-electrodes ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi. Iibhetri zeLithium zineenzuzo zokuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, ubomi obude kunye nezinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombane kunye neenqwelo zombane.

Umgaqo osebenzayo weebhetri ze-lithium usekelwe ekufudukeni kwee-ion ze-lithium phakathi kwe-electrodes efanelekileyo kunye ne-negative. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshaja, i-lithium ion ikhutshwa kwizinto ezintle (ngokuqhelekileyo i-oxide efana ne-lithium cobaltate), idlula i-electrolyte, ize ifakwe kwizinto ezimbi (ngokuqhelekileyo i-carbon material). Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha, i-lithium ion ihlukaniswe kwizinto ezingalunganga kwaye zihamba nge-electrolyte kwizinto ezintle, ezivelisa amandla akhoyo kunye nombane, oqhuba izixhobo zangaphandle ukuba zisebenze.

Umgaqo wokusebenza weebhetri ze-lithium unokwenziwa lula kula manyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokutshaja, i-electrode engalunganga yebhetri ye-lithium iya kuthatha ii-electron zangaphandle. Ukuze uhlale ungathathi hlangothi ngombane, i-electrode efanelekileyo iya kunyanzeliswa ukuba ikhulule i-electron ngaphandle, kwaye i-ion ze-lithium ezilahlekelwe yi-electron ziya kutsalwa kwi-electrode engafanelekanga kwaye ihambe nge-electrolyte kwi-electrode engalunganga. Ngale ndlela, i-electrode engalunganga iphinda izalise ii-electron kwaye igcine i-lithium ion.

2. Xa ukhulula, ii-electron zibuyela kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka sangaphandle, kwaye ii-ion ze-lithium nazo zisuswe kwizinto ezimbi ze-electrode, zikhulula amandla ombane agciniweyo kwinkqubo, kwaye zibuyela kwi-electrode efanelekileyo ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte; kunye nee-electron zidibene ukuba zithathe inxaxheba ekuphenduleni ukunciphisa ukubuyisela isakhiwo se-lithium compound.

3. Kwinkqubo yokuhlawula kunye nokukhutshwa, ngokwenene, yinkqubo ye-lithium ions ukuxosha i-electron, ngexesha apho ukugcinwa kunye nokukhululwa kwamandla ombane kufezekiswa.

Ukuphuhliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium kuye kwadlula izigaba ezininzi. Ekuqaleni kwee-1970, iibhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium zaqala ukuziswa, kodwa ngenxa yemisebenzi ephezulu kunye nemiba yokhuseleko yensimbi ye-lithium, usetyenziso lwabo lwalulinganiselwe. Emva koko, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziye zaba yiteknoloji eqhelekileyo, esebenzisa i-non-metallic lithium compounds njengezinto ezintle ze-electrode ukusombulula ingxaki yokhuseleko lweebhetri zetsimbi ze-lithium. Ngama-1990, iibhetri ze-lithium ze-polymer zavela, zisebenzisa i-polymer gels njenge-electrolytes, ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuxinana kwamandla ebhetri. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji entsha yebhetri ye-lithium efana neebhetri ze-lithium-sulphur kunye neebhetri ze-lithium eziqinileyo nazo ziye zaphuhliswa.

Okwangoku, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion iseyeyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye neyona teknoloji ikhulileyo yebhetri. Inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ubomi bomjikelo omde kunye nezinga eliphantsi lokuzikhupha, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhompyuter zekhompyuter, izithuthi zombane kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukongeza, iibhetri ze-lithium ze-polymer zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezifana nezixhobo ezincinci kunye nezilula kunye nee-headphones ezingenazintambo, ngenxa yobuninzi bamandla kunye neempawu zoyilo ezincinci.

I-China yenze inkqubela ephawulekayo kwintsimi yeebhetri ze-lithium. I-China ingomnye wabavelisi abakhulu behlabathi kunye nabathengi beebhetri ze-lithium. Ikhonkco loshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium yaseTshayina lugqityiwe, ukusuka ekuthengeni izinto ezikrwada ukuya kwimveliso yebhetri inomlinganiselo othile kunye namandla obugcisa. Iinkampani zebhetri ze-lithium zaseTshayina zenze inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso, amandla okuvelisa kunye nesabelo semarike. Ukongeza, urhulumente waseTshayina uye wazisa uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso ukukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokutsha kushishino lwebhetri ye-lithium. Iibhetri zeLithium ziye zaba sisisombululo esikhulu samandla kwiindawo ezifana nezixhobo zombane kunye nezithuthi zombane.