Lejoe la motheo la matla a macha: Bala nts'etsopele le molao-motheo oa libeteri tsa lithium

Libetri tsa lithium ke mofuta o tloaelehileng oa betri e ka tjhajoang hape eo karabelo ea eona ea electrochemical e thehiloeng ho falleng ha li-ion tsa lithium lipakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Libetri tsa lithium li na le melemo ea matla a mangata a matla, bophelo bo bolelele le sekhahla se tlase sa ho itšehla thajana, kahoo li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki le likoloi tsa motlakase.

Molao-motheo o sebetsang oa libeteri tsa lithium o itšetlehile ka ho falla ha li-ion tsa lithium pakeng tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja, li-ion tsa lithium li lokolloa linthong tse ntle (hangata e le oxide e kang lithium cobaltate), e feta ka electrolyte, ebe e kenngoa ka har'a lintho tse mpe (hangata ke lisebelisoa tsa carbon). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho qhala, li-ion tsa lithium li arohanngoa le lintho tse mpe 'me li tsamaea ka electrolyte ho ea linthong tse ntle, tse hlahisang matla a hona joale le a motlakase, a tsamaisang thepa ea ka ntle ho sebetsa.

Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa oa libeteri tsa lithium o ka nolofatsoa ka mehato e latelang:

1. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja, electrode e mpe ea betri ea lithium e tla amohela li-elektronike tse ka ntle. E le hore u lule u sa nke lehlakore ka motlakase, electrode e ntle e tla qobelloa ho lokolla li-electrone ho ea ka ntle, 'me li-ion tsa lithium tse lahlileng li-electrone li tla hoheloa ke electrode e mpe ebe li tsamaea ka electrolyte ho ea ho electrode e mpe. Ka tsela ena, electrode e mpe e tlatsa li-electrone le ho boloka li-ion tsa lithium.

2. Ha li lahla, li-electrone li khutlela ho electrode e ntle ka potoloho e ka ntle, 'me li-ion tsa lithium li boetse li tlosoa linthong tse mpe tsa electrode, li lokolla matla a motlakase a bolokiloeng ts'ebetsong,' me li khutlela ho electrode e ntle ka electrolyte; 'me li-electrone li kopantsoe ho kenya letsoho karabelong ea ho fokotsa ho tsosolosa sebopeho sa motsoako oa lithium.

3. Ts'ebetsong ea tefiso le ho tsoa, ​​ha e le hantle, ke mokhoa oa li-ion tsa lithium ho lelekisa li-electrone, nakong eo ho boloka le ho lokolloa ha matla a motlakase ho finyelloang.

Nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa lithium e fetile mekhahlelo e mengata. Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1970, libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium li ile tsa hlahisoa ka lekhetlo la pele, empa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e phahameng le litaba tsa ts'ireletso ea tšepe ea lithium, sebaka sa bona sa kopo se ne se lekanyelitsoe. Ka mor'a moo, libeteri tsa lithium-ion li fetohile theknoloji e tloaelehileng, e sebelisang metsoako ea lithium e se nang tšepe e le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa electrode ho rarolla bothata ba polokeho ea libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium. Lilemong tsa bo-1990, libeteri tsa lithium polymer li ile tsa hlaha, li sebelisa li-gel tsa polymer e le li-electrolyte, ho ntlafatsa polokeho le matla a matla a betri. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, mahlale a macha a betri ea lithium joalo ka libeteri tsa lithium-sulfur le libeteri tsa lithium tse tiileng le tsona li ntse li tsoela pele.

Hona joale, libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e le theknoloji e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa le e hōlileng ka ho fetisisa ea betri. E na le matla a mangata a matla, bophelo ba nako e telele le tekanyo e tlaase ea ho itšehla thajana, 'me e sebelisoa haholo ka liselefouno, lik'homphieutha tsa libuka, likoloi tsa motlakase le masimo a mang. Ho feta moo, libeteri tsa lithium polymer li boetse li sebelisoa haholo masimong a kang lisebelisoa tse tšesaane le tse bobebe le li-headphones tse se nang mohala, ka lebaka la matla a tsona a phahameng a matla le litšobotsi tse fokolang tsa moralo.

China e entse tsoelo-pele e tsotehang tšimong ea libeteri tsa lithium. China ke e 'ngoe ea bahlahisi ba kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le bareki ba libeteri tsa lithium. Ketane ea indasteri ea betri ea lithium ea China e felile, ho tloha ho theko ea thepa e tala ho isa ho tlhahiso ea betri e na le tekanyo e itseng le matla a tekheniki. Likhamphani tsa China tsa lithium betri li hatetse pele haholo lipatlisisong tsa theknoloji le nts'etsopele, bokhoni ba tlhahiso le karolo ea mmaraka. Ntle le moo, mmuso oa China o boetse o hlahisitse letoto la maano a ts'ehetso ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele le boqapi ba indasteri ea betri ea lithium. Libetri tsa lithium li fetohile tharollo e kholo ea matla libakeng tse kang lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le likoloi tsa motlakase.