ʻO ka pōhaku kihi o ka ikehu hou: Heluhelu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kumu o nā pā lithium

He ʻano maʻamau ʻo nā pākahi liʻiliʻi e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia nona ka hopena electrochemical ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Loaʻa i nā pākahi Lithium nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, ke ola lōʻihi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā ʻenehana uila a me nā kaʻa uila.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hana o nā pākahi lithium i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. I ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka mea maikaʻi (ʻo ka mea maʻamau he oxide e like me ka lithium cobaltate), hele i loko o ka electrolyte, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka mea ʻino (ʻo ka mea maʻamau he mea kalapona). I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion lithium mai nā mea ʻino a neʻe i ka electrolyte i ka mea maikaʻi, e hoʻoulu ai i ka ikehu o kēia manawa a me ka uila, e hoʻokau i nā mea hana o waho e hana.

Hiki ke maʻalahi ke kumu hana o nā pā lithium i nā ʻanuʻu aʻe:

1. I ka wā o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, e hoʻopili ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole o ka pā lithium i nā electrons waho. I mea e noho mau ai ka uila, e koi ʻia ka electrode maikaʻi e hoʻokuʻu i nā electrons i waho, a e huki ʻia nā ion lithium i nalowale i ka electrode a neʻe i ka electrolyte i ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole. Ma kēia ala, hoʻopiha ka electrode ʻino i nā electrons a mālama i nā ion lithium.

2. I ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e hoʻi nā electrons i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ke kaapuni o waho, a ua wehe ʻia nā ion lithium mai ka mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka ikehu uila i mālama ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, a neʻe hou i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka electrolyte. a ua hui pū ʻia nā electrons e komo i ka hopena hoʻemi e hoʻihoʻi i ke ʻano o ka pūhui lithium.

3. I ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ke kaʻina hana o nā ion lithium e alualu ana i nā electrons, i ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka mālama a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu uila.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pā lithium i hele i nā pae he nui. I nā makahiki 1970 mua, ua hoʻokomo mua ʻia nā pākaukau metala lithium, akā ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia palekana o ka metala lithium, ua kaupalena ʻia kā lākou noi noi. Ma hope mai, ua lilo nā pā lithium-ion i ʻenehana nui, e hoʻohana ana i nā pūhui lithium non-metallic e like me nā mea electrode maikaʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia palekana o nā pā lithium metala. I ka makahiki 1990, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻenekini lithium polymer, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā gel polymer e like me nā electrolytes, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka palekana a me ka ikehu o nā pā. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu pū nā ʻenehana pākaukau lithium hou e like me nā pā lithium-sulfur a me nā pā lithium solid-state.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā pākahi lithium-ion ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia a ʻoi loa ka ʻenehana pākahi. He kiʻekiʻe ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, lōʻihi ka pōʻai ola a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kelepona paʻa lima, nā kamepiula puke, nā kaʻa uila a me nā kula ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pā lithium polymer i nā kula e like me nā mea lahilahi a māmā a me nā headphone uila, ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā lahilahi.

Ua holomua maikaʻi ʻo Kina ma ke kahua o nā pākahi lithium. ʻO Kina kekahi o nā mea hana nui loa a me nā mea kūʻai aku o nā pā lithium. Hoʻopau ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākaukau lithium o Kina, mai ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea waiwai a hiki i ka hana ʻana i ka pākaukau he ʻano nui a me ka ikaika ʻenehana. Ua holomua nui nā hui pākaukau lithium o Kina i ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ka mana hana a me ka māhele mākeke. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokomo pū ke aupuni Kina i nā kulekele kākoʻo e paipai i ka hoʻomohala a me ka hana hou o ka ʻoihana pākaukau lithium. Ua lilo nā pākahi Lithium i mea hoʻonā ikaika nui ma nā wahi e like me nā mea uila a me nā kaʻa uila.